Additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough: A Cochrane systematic review

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of additional bedtime H₂‐receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) in suppressing nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) via a systematic review. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966–June 2004), EMBASE (January 1980–June 2004) and CINAHL (January 1982–June 2004). Additional hand‐searching was conducted on the proceedings of correlated conferences, eight important Chinese journals and references of all included trials. All randomized controlled trials evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB were eligible for inclusion. The systematic review was conducted using methods recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Only two randomized crossover studies, comprising 32 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Because the design, dosage and duration of the treatments were different between the studies, it was not possible to conduct meta‐analysis. There were no consistent conclusions found between the two included studies in evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB. CONCLUSIONS: No implications for practice at this stage can be concluded. Appropriately designed large‐scale randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow up are needed to determine the effects of additional bedtime H₂RAs in suppressing NAB.     

Genetic variations of HSD11B2 in hypertensive patients and in the general population, six rare missense/frameshift mutations.

Mutations in the gene encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, HSD11B2, cause a rare monogenic juvenile hypertensive syndrome called apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension. Here, we have studied whether genetic variations in HDS11B2 are implicated in essential hypertension in Japanese hypertensives and the general population. By sequencing the entire coding region and the promoter region of HDS11B2 in 953 Japanese hypertensives, we identified five missense mutations in 11 patients (L14F, n = 5; R74H, n = 1; R147H, n = 3; T156I, n = 1; R335H, n = 1) and one novel frameshift mutation (4884Gdel, n = 1) in a heterozygous state, in addition to 19 genetic variations. All genetic variations identified were rare, with minor allele frequencies less than 0.005. Four of 12 patients with the missense/frameshift mutations showed renal failure. Four missense mutations, L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H, were successfully genotyped in the general population, with a sample size of 3,655 individuals (2,175 normotensives and 1,480 hypertensives). Mutations L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H were identified in hypertensives (n = 6, 8, 3, and 0, respectively) and normotensives (n = 8, 12, 5, and 0, respectively) with a similar frequency, suggesting that these missense mutations may not strongly affect the etiology of essential hypertension. Since the allele frequency of all of the genetic variations identified in this study was rare, an association study was not conducted. Taken together, our results indicate that missense mutations in HSD11B2 do not substantially contribute to essential hypertension in Japanese.     

应用64层CT一次扫描完成心脏冠脉成像及心功能分析的可行性初步研究

目的研究64层CT一次扫描同时完成心脏冠脉成像及心功能分析的可行性。方法96例患者均行MSCT心脏成像扫描和MR心脏检查,数据分别按照冠脉成像和心功能分析要求进行重建和后处理,评估。结果1271段冠脉血管中有约99%血管显示清晰,达到诊断要求;心功能分析数据左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室每搏输出量(LVSV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室心肌容积(LVMV)与MR相关数据的相关系数分别为0.84、0.91、0.94、0.89、0.88。结论MSCT可以在一次扫描中完成冠脉成像和心功能数据采集,具有极高应用价值。     

管理人员职业紧张常模及转换表研制

目的中高层管理人员、一般管理人员职业紧张常模、应用表、分级标准研究。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对中高层管理人员263例、一般管理人员569例,共计832例常模样本进行研究。结果首先,采用OSI-R量表分别研制了中高层管理人员、一般管理人员职业紧张常模;其次,在常模的基础上,分别研制了常模样本粗分转换为T分表。职业紧张程度分级职业任务和紧张反应问卷中,T分≥70分者,为高度职业紧张、紧张反应;T分在60分至69分范围内者,为中度职业紧张、紧张反应;T分在40分至59分范围内者,为适度职业紧张和紧张反应;处于正常范围。T分低于40分者,为相对缺乏职业紧张和紧张反应。在应对资源问卷中,T分低于30分者,表明高度缺乏应对资源;T分在30分至39分范围内者,表明中度缺乏应对资源;T分在40分至59分范围之间者,具有适度的应对资源,属于正常范围;T分≥60分者,表明有很强的应对资源。结论将职业紧张的模式结合中高层管理人员、一般管理人员职业紧张常模及应用表,分别针对不同个体主要紧张源、紧张反应、应对资源,采取有针对性的干预(组织、个体)措施,以降低中高层管理人员、一般管理人员职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。     

Skin problems after a tsunami

BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the tsunami on skin conditions by evaluating the skin problems of patients presenting at hospitals after the tsunami. METHODS: Between 5 and 25 January 2005, two dermatologists evaluated patients who complained of skin problems at an outpatient clinic and emergency room of a general hospital in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. RESULTS: The total number of patients that presented during the study period was 235 (131 males and 104 females), and they had a total of 265 skin problems. In terms of age distribution, most subjects were in their fourth decade (23.0%), followed by the third (22.6%) and fifth decade (16.6%). The most prevalent skin problems were infections-infestations (32.5%), followed by eczemas (29.8%) and traumatic skin disorders (29.4%). In males, traumatic skin disorders were most common. The great majority of infection-infestation cases involved superficial fungal infections. Contact dermatitis accounted for three-quarters of eczema cases, and mainly involved the arms (40.0%) and legs (27.1%). The majority of traumatic skin disorders were lacerations, punctures and penetrations, and the feet (44.7%) and hands (18.8%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS: Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required.     

妇科门诊子宫颈病变常识问卷调查

目的了解我院门诊就诊者对子宫颈病变相关知识的认识。方法自制问卷调查表，采用无记名，当面问卷调查方式。结果从调查100例就诊者中，未做过健康体检、妇科盆腔检查和宫颈刮片检查分别为34例、24例和52例。对宫颈癌的认识不知道者53例。结论建议相关部门加强对妇女的健康教育，提高其健康意识，强化临床医生的防癌意识和对子宫病变的规范化诊治。     

腰椎穿刺术后头痛与卧床时间的关系

目的探讨腰椎穿刺术后平卧时间30min、2h对头痛的影响。方法对794例具有腰椎穿刺术适应证而无禁忌证并排除有关因素的患者，随机分为30min组、2h组。分别观察术后头痛发生率。结果30min组头痛发生率为（8／460）1．74％，2h组为（7／334）2.10％，两组组间比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论本研究说明腰穿后卧床时间长短（30min～2h），对腰穿后头痛的发生率无影响，可缩短至30min，没有必要卧床2h，更没有必要卧床4～6h。     

胰腺假性囊肿的诊治体会

目的 总结胰腺假性囊肿的诊治体会。方法 回顾性分析46例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料，7例保守治疗，行内引流术12例，外引流术9例，序贯式内外引流术5例，胰腺部分切除术13例。结果 保守治疗者均痊愈，无复发；行内引流术者中有1例发生肠瘘，其余11例恢复良好无复发；行外引流术1例出现胰瘘，2例复发；行胰腺部分切除术者有1例出现胰瘘，其余恢复良好。结论 根据病情和病程选择合适的术式是治疗胰腺假性囊肿的关键。     

肺肠合治法治疗哮喘发作期的机理

中医药治疗哮喘有独特优势,临床上依据肺肠相关理论,采用肺肠合治法常有较好的疗效。本文就肺肠合治法治疗哮喘发作期的机理予以探讨,并对临床应用进行了归纳总结。1肺肠合治法治疗哮喘发作期的机理1．1肺与大肠经脉相互连络《灵枢·经脉》篇曰：“肺手太阴之脉,下络大肠,……上膈属肺……”。“大肠手阳明之脉,……络肺,下膈属大肠